SURAH OF AL-QUR'AN

SURAH MECCA AND MADANIYAH

A. DEFINITIONS ARTICLE AND ARTICLE MECCAN SURAH MADANIYAH

The letters and verses of the Qur'an can be grouped into Meccan surah and Madaniyah. The scholars basing the division to one of the following three aspects:

1. Based on the decline period. Revealed before Hijrah from Medina and surrounding Makkahke and revealed after the Hijra named Madaniyah although the decline is not in Madinah and surrounding areas.

2. Based on a descent. Revealed in Makkah and surrounding areas and called Meccan surah revealed in Medina and surrounding named Madaniyah.

3. Based on the target subject. Intended for residents of Makkah Meccan surah named and addressed to the people of Medina called Madaniyah.

B. METHOD AND KNOWING MECCAN SURAH MADANIYAH

1. There are two ways to find out Meccan surah and Madaniyah, among others:

2. Al-manhaj as-an-naqli sima'i. Through the history of the friends who witnessed the revelation and also tabi'in knows of his companions.

3. Al-Manhaj al-qiyasi al-ijtihadi. Based on the characteristics of the letter or the verses of Meccan surah and Madaniyah.

C. CRITERIA FOR LETTERS Meccan surah

1. After studying letters and verses of Meccan surah, the scholars to formulate the criteria as follows:

There is a verse prayer mats

2. There wording kalla (33X in 15 letters)

3. There is a verse Yes Ayyuhannas, and no Ya Ayyuhalladzina amanu (except surah Al-Hajj)

4. There is the story of the Prophet and the followers of earlier (except surah Al-Baqarah)

5. There is the story of Adam and the Devil (except surah Al-Baqarah)

6. Each letter opened with the letter hujaiyah like Alif-lam-mim; Alif-lam-ra; Ha-mim and the like (except surah Al-Baqarah and)

7. Letters of short verses, rhyming, I'jaz al 'ibrahim and solid contents.

8. sided teaching of aqidah (monotheism worship of Allah alone, the minutes of the Prophet Muhammad, the Last Day, Mujadalah the polytheists with reasonable arguments and verses kauniyah)

9. The letters which contain the laying of the foundations of tasyri.

D. LETTERS MECCAN SURAH

Referring to the Mushaf Al-Madinah, published Mujamma 'al-Malik Fahd in Madinah Munawarah that circulated widely in Indonesia, letters Meccan surah is as follows: Al-Fatiha, Al An'am, Al Araf, Yunus, Hud, Yusuf, Ibrahim, Al-Hijr, An-Nahl, Al-Isra, Al-Kahf, Maryam, Taha, Al-Anbiya, Al Mu'minun, Al Furqan, Ash Syu'ara, An Naml Al Qasas Al 'Ankabut, Ar Rum, Luqman, As Sajda, Saba ', Fathir, Yasin, Ash Saffat, Shad, Az-Zumar, Al Mukmin, Fushilat, Ash-Shura, Az Zukhruf, Ad Dukhan, Al Jatsiyah, Al Ahqaf, Qaf, Adz Dzariyat, Ath Thur, An Najm, Al Qamar Al Waqi'ah, Al Mulk, Al Qalam, Al Haqah, Al Ma'arij, Noah, Al Jin, Al Muzammil, Al Muddatsir, Al Qiyamah, Al Mursalat, An Naba 'An Nazi'at,' Abasa, At Taqwir, Al Infithar, Al Muthaffifin, Al Insyiqaq, Al Buruj, Ath Tariq, Al 'Ala Al Ghasyiyah, Al Fajr, Al Balad, Ash Shams, Al Lail, Adh Dhuha, Nature Nasyrah, At Tin, Al' Alaq, Al Qadr, Al 'Adiyat, Al Qaria, At Takatsur, Al Asr, Al Humazah, Al Fil, Quraish, Al Ma'un, Al Kauthar, Al Kafirun, Al-Lahab, Al Ikhlas, Al Falq, and An Nas.

E. CRITERIA FOR LETTERS Madaniyah

After studying letters and verses Madaniyah the scholars to formulate the criteria as follows:

1. There is a verse Ayyuhalladzina amanu

2. There faridhah (liability) and criminal sanctions

3. Discussing the munfikin (except surah Al-Ankabut); reveal about their behavior, memuka their secrets, and explain the dangers of the munafikin against Muslims

4. There Mujadalah Ahl al-Kitab (Jews and Christians), call terhadapmereka to enter Islam, reveal al-kitab forgery etc.

5. There is a doctrine of worship, mu'amalah, criminal, family rules, inheritance, virtues, jihad and others

6. Each of the letters make long verse and lyrical prose style.

F. LETTERS MADANIYAH

Referring to the Mushaf Al-Madinah, published Mujamma 'al-Malik Fahd in Madinah Munawarah that circulated widely in Indonesia, letters Madaniyah are as follows: Al Baqarah, Ali' Imran, An-Nisa, Al Maidah, al Anfal, At-Tauba, Ar Ra'd, Al Hajj, An Nur, Al-Ahzab, Muhammad, Al Fath Al Hujurat, Ar-Rahman, Al-Hadid, Al Mujadilah, Al-Hashr, Al Mumtanah, Ash Shaf, Al Jum'ah Al Munafiqun, At Taghabun Ath Thalaq, At Tahrim, Al Insan, Al Bayyinah, Az Zalzalah, An Nasr.

Letters agreed Meccan surah no 82 letter. The letters Madaniyah agreed there are 20 letters.

G. SPECIAL THINGS ON Meccan surah AND Madaniyah

The scholars not only assess general about the letters and Madaniyah Meccan surah, but also examines specific things such verses in the Meccan surah Madaniyah letter. Here are cited several examples of specific things, among others:

1) Paragraph Meccan surah in the letter Madaniyah

2) Paragraph Madaniyah in a letter Meccan surah

3) The verse was revealed in Makkah were legal Madaniyah

4) The verse was revealed in Madinah legal Meccan surah

5) Paragraph Madaniyah similar to paragraph Meccan surah

6) Paragraph Meccan surah similar to paragraph Madaniyah

7) Paragraph brought from Makkah to Madinah

8) Paragraph brought from Madinah to Makkah

H. URGENCY AND STUDY Meccan surah Madaniyah

Below is a brief description of the urgency of the study and Madaniyah Meccan surah, among others:

1. Knowing the place and the period of decline in the verses of the Qur'an, a commentator can interpret these verses correctly and accurately.

2. The search for places and the decline phase of the verses of the Qur'an through study and Madaniyah Meccan surah we can lesson how proper propaganda strategies that are more effective propaganda.

3. By studying the verses down to Prophet Muhammad from Makkah the first verse in the period up to the last paragraph on the Medina period, we can follow his life journey.

4. A review of the Meccan surah and Madaniyah show how high the attention of the Muslims since the early generations of the history of the decline of Al-Quran.

Note:

SURAH OF AL-QUR'AN

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